Critico-Historical Analysis of Dominant Visualities of Sexuality in Pahlavi Period (A Social Psychoanalysis)
Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 دانشجوی دکتری پژوهش هنر، دانشکدۀ هنرهای تجسمی، دانشگاه تهران
2 استاد و مدیر گروه مطالعات عالی هنر، دانشکدۀ هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران.
Abstract
Sexuality is not a natural given, rather is a socio-cultural issue and a phenomenal effect on sex that must be studied in its historical context and the different periods. Sexuality isn`t only related to the conscious rather collective unconscious has an important role to construct it. Hence, the type of attitude toward this subject has undergone epistemic and psychological constraints in every society. Representation of sexuality, in the photographic frames, can objectify these constraints, and this objectification can re-frame the sexuality. This interaction redoubles the significance of this issue. So it can be questioned what relations there are between the representation of sexuality in photographic images and socio-cultural norms of society and how these relations reform the type of the attitude toward sexuality in collective conscious and unconscious as well. The goal is to study these issues in Iran society of Pahlavi`s period. The conceptual framework of this paper is based on Foucault`s genealogical notions and Freud`s and Lacan`s psychological ideas and authors try to do a discourse (visuality) analysis to find out differently the subject from a different position. Different methodologies can support different points of view, and consequently, lead to different results. Therefore, the issue can be formulated such that through which visuality the representation of sexuality, In Pahlavi`s period, was formed, how it was constrained, and how the power relation controlled it. The significance of this paper is due to a research gap that exists in this field of study based on pictorial or photographic materials. The results suggest that sexuality was represented photographically in two political and social visualities and patriarchal power relations made two different sexual orders, not in shape but content. This study opens a window for other issues related to sex and sexuality such as body, face, and gender identity; the matters which can be discussed indirectly.
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